関連: 天文学
大気現象および銀河系近隣のイメージング
The major challenge to recording distant and faint astronomical objects, with a high magnitude, is the ability to conduct very long exposures. The historical dilemma which astronomers have faced is choosing between moderately cooled cameras that are convenient to operate or deep cooled cameras which have some challenges associated with heat pumps or handling of cryogenic liquids. Vacuum sealed, deep cooled sensors facilitate very long exposures with minimal challenges, and for the vast majority of applications, there is no need for coolant or any other external infrastructure.